云计算管理平台之OpenStack简介及基础环境搭建

时间：2020-10-29来源：www.pcxitongcheng.com作者：电脑系统城

一、简介

　　什么是openstack?它是干嘛用的？

　　简单说openstack是云计算管理平台，主要对云环境中的虚拟机做增删查改；它能够将多台物理设备的资源（cpu/内存等）整合成一个大的资源池，然后根据openstack提供的api接口向用户提供使用；用户可以根据openstack提供的资源池接口来启动虚拟机，管理虚拟机；openstack 主要组成由控制节点和计算节点组成；其中控制节点由多个组件组成，每个组件都是以api的形式向外提供服务，这多个组件共同组成了控制节点，所以控制节点上运行了很多服务；计算节点通常是指提供物理硬件，用于启动虚拟机的物理设备；

　　二、架构

　　提示：openstack主要把底层的多台server的资源分为了三类，计算，网络和存储；用户可以通过openstack提供的web界面直接在openstack上启动虚拟机实例；

　　三、openstack基础环境准备

　　本次实验是以openstack R版为例，其中各服务器角色如下

主机名	角色	ip地址
node01	控制节点	192.168.0.41/24
node02	数据库服务器	192.168.0.42/24
node03	计算节点	192.168.0.43/24

　　1、各server上的基础环境配置

　　　　1）时间同步

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24 [root@node01 ~]# grep server /etc/chrony.conf
# Use public servers from the pool.ntp.org project.
server time.test.org iburst
# Serve time even if not synchronized to any NTP server.
[root@node01 ~]# scp /etc/chrony.conf node02:/etc/
chrony.conf 100% 1141 992.7KB/s 00:00
[root@node01 ~]# scp /etc/chrony.conf node03:/etc/
chrony.conf 100% 1141 663.6KB/s 00:00
[root@node01 ~]# chronyc sources
210 Number of sources = 1
MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample
===============================================================================
^* time.test.org 3 6 377 40 -15us[ -86us] +/- 20ms
[root@node01 ~]# ssh node02 'chronyc sources'
210 Number of sources = 1
MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample
===============================================================================
^* time.test.org 3 6 377 49 -6552ns[ -15us] +/- 20ms
[root@node01 ~]# ssh node03 'chronyc sources'
210 Number of sources = 1
MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample
===============================================================================
^* time.test.org 3 6 377 52 -30us[ -103us] +/- 20ms
[root@node01 ~]#

　　　　2）主机名解析

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15 [root@node01 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.0.99 time.test.org time-node
192.168.0.41 node01.test.org node01 controller
192.168.0.42 node02.test.org node02
192.168.0.43 node03.test.org node03
192.168.0.44 node04.test.org node04
192.168.0.45 node05.test.org node05
192.168.0.46 node06.test.org node06
[root@node01 ~]# scp /etc/hosts node02:/etc/
hosts 100% 423 29.5KB/s 00:00
[root@node01 ~]# scp /etc/hosts node03:/etc/
hosts 100% 423 46.5KB/s 00:00
[root@node01 ~]#

　　　　3）关闭selinux、iptables和NetworkManager

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24 [root@node01 ~]# sed -i 's@SELINUX=enforcing@SELINUX=disabled@g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@node01 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@node01 ~]# getenforce
Permissive
[root@node01 ~]# ssh node02 'sed -i 's@SELINUX=enforcing@SELINUX=disabled@g' /etc/selinux/config'
[root@node01 ~]# ssh node02 'setenforce 0 && getenforce'
Permissive
[root@node01 ~]# ssh node03 'sed -i 's@SELINUX=enforcing@SELINUX=disabled@g' /etc/selinux/config'
[root@node01 ~]# ssh node03 'setenforce 0 && getenforce'
Permissive
[root@node01 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld NetworkManager
[root@node01 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld NetworkManager
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/NetworkManager.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service.
[root@node01 ~]# ssh node02 'systemctl stop firewalld NetworkManager && systemctl disable firewalld NetworkManager'
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/NetworkManager.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service.
[root@node01 ~]# ssh node03 'systemctl stop firewalld NetworkManager && systemctl disable firewalld NetworkManager'
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/NetworkManager.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.freedesktop.nm-dispatcher.service.
[root@node01 ~]#

　　提示：如果你的系统是最小化安装，这里还需要安装一些基础的包；yum install -y vim wget tree lrzsz gcc gcc-c++ automake pcre pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel iproute net-tools iotop lsof ntpdate telnet bridge-utils；

　　　　4）各服务器配置阿里云的base仓库和epel仓库包

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31 [root@node01 ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
[root@node01 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
--2020-10-27 22:43:42-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 118.116.3.238, 118.123.164.244, 118.123.164.119, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|118.116.3.238|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 2523 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’

100%[====================================================================================>] 2,523 --.-K/s in 0s

2020-10-27 22:43:42 (180 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo’ saved [2523/2523]

[root@node01 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
--2020-10-27 22:43:51-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 118.116.3.248, 118.123.164.120, 125.64.102.239, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|118.116.3.248|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 664 [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo’

100%[====================================================================================>] 664 --.-K/s in 0s

2020-10-27 22:43:51 (95.0 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo’ saved [664/664]

[root@node01 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 8
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 219 Oct 27 22:42 bak
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 Jun 16 2018 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 664 May 11 2018 epel.repo
[root@node01 ~]#

　　提示：在node02和node03上都要做以上操作；

　　2、在各节点上配置openstack R版的yum仓库

1	`[root@node01 ~]# yum install centos-release-openstack-rocky -y`

　　提示：以上操作会在/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下生成很多repo文件；

　　验证：查看/etcyum.repos.d/目录下是否多了很多repo文件？

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17 [root@node01 ~]# ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 56
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 219 Oct 27 22:42 bak
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2523 Jun 16 2018 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 850 Jul 31 2018 CentOS-Ceph-Luminous.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1309 Apr 8 2020 CentOS-CR.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 649 Apr 8 2020 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 314 Apr 8 2020 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 630 Apr 8 2020 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1186 Aug 29 2018 CentOS-OpenStack-rocky.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 612 Feb 1 2019 CentOS-QEMU-EV.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1331 Apr 8 2020 CentOS-Sources.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 353 Jul 31 2018 CentOS-Storage-common.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 7577 Apr 8 2020 CentOS-Vault.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 616 Apr 8 2020 CentOS-x86_64-kernel.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 664 May 11 2018 epel.repo
[root@node01 ~]#

　　提示：这里面的repo文件仓库地址都是指向centos的官方仓库，如果国内下载速度慢，可以把对应的地址指向阿里云；

　　把centos-openstack-rocky.repo地址指向阿里云

　　提示：这里只需要改第一个就行，后面的仓库都是禁用了的，不用更改；

　　把node01上的centos-openstack-rocky.repo文件复制给node02和node03

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5 [root@node01 ~]# scp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-OpenStack-rocky.repo node02:/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-OpenStack-rocky.repo
CentOS-OpenStack-rocky.repo 100% 1261 832.6KB/s 00:00
[root@node01 ~]# scp /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-OpenStack-rocky.repo node03:/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-OpenStack-rocky.repo
CentOS-OpenStack-rocky.repo 100% 1261 387.4KB/s 00:00
[root@node01 ~]#

　　提示：复制要在后两个节点都装了centos-release-openstack-rocky这个包以后，以免后续装包覆盖仓库地址文件；

　　3、在各节点安装python-openstackclient和openstack-selinux包

1	`[root@node01 ~]# yum install -y python-openstackclient openstack-selinux`

　　4、在node02上部署mariadb-server

　　先查看mariadb-server这个包是否来自openstack-rocky这个仓库

　　提示：如果能够看到mariadb-server这个包来自centos-openstack-rocky这个仓库，说明我们配置的仓库没有问题；这里建议尽量使用openstacke-rocky仓库中提供的包，如果其他仓库提供的包可能存在不兼容的问题；

　　下载安装mairadb-server

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40 [root@node02 ~]# yum install mariadb-server -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* centos-qemu-ev: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb-server.x86_64 3:10.1.20-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mariadb-common(x86-64) = 3:10.1.20-2.el7 for package: 3:mariadb-server-10.1.20-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mariadb-errmsg(x86-64) = 3:10.1.20-2.el7 for package: 3:mariadb-server-10.1.20-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql(x86-64) for package: 3:mariadb-server-10.1.20-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-compat-client(x86-64) for package: 3:mariadb-server-10.1.20-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBD::mysql) for package: 3:mariadb-server-10.1.20-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: 3:mariadb-server-10.1.20-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Data::Dumper) for package: 3:mariadb-server-10.1.20-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: rsync for package: 3:mariadb-server-10.1.20-2.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: socat for package: 3:mariadb-server-10.1.20-2.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mariadb.x86_64 3:10.1.20-2.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 3:10.1.20-2.el7 for package: 3:mariadb-10.1.20-2.el7.x86_64
……省略部分内容……
Installed:
mariadb-server.x86_64 3:10.1.20-2.el7

Dependency Installed:
mariadb.x86_64 3:10.1.20-2.el7 mariadb-common.x86_64 3:10.1.20-2.el7
mariadb-config.x86_64 3:10.1.20-2.el7 mariadb-errmsg.x86_64 3:10.1.20-2.el7
perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7
perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-6.el7 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7
perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7 perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7
perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7
rsync.x86_64 0:3.1.2-10.el7 socat.x86_64 0:1.7.3.2-2.el7

Dependency Updated:
mariadb-libs.x86_64 3:10.1.20-2.el7

Complete!
[root@node02 ~]#

　　配置数据库

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10 [root@node02 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf.d/openstack.cnf
[mysqld]
bind-address = 0.0.0.0

default-storage-engine = innodb
innodb_file_per_table = on
max_connections = 4096
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
character-set-server = utf8
[root@node02 ~]#

　　设置mariadb-server开机启动，并启动mairadb-server

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11 [root@node02 ~]# systemctl enable mariadb.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
[root@node02 ~]# systemctl start mariadb.service
[root@node02 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@node02 ~]#

　　5、在node01上安装python2-PyMySQL包，用于控制节点连接数据库驱动

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40 [root@node01 ~]# yum install -y python2-PyMySQL
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* centos-qemu-ev: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package python2-PyMySQL.noarch 0:0.9.3-1.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==============================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==============================================================================================================================
Installing:
python2-PyMySQL noarch 0.9.3-1.el7 epel 91 k

Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package

Total download size: 91 k
Installed size: 372 k
Downloading packages:
python2-PyMySQL-0.9.3-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 91 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : python2-PyMySQL-0.9.3-1.el7.noarch 1/1
Verifying : python2-PyMySQL-0.9.3-1.el7.noarch 1/1

Installed:
python2-PyMySQL.noarch 0:0.9.3-1.el7

Complete!
[root@node01 ~]#

　　6、在node02上部署memcached

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40 [root@node02 ~]# yum install memcached -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* centos-qemu-ev: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package memcached.x86_64 0:1.5.6-1.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==============================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==============================================================================================================================
Installing:
memcached x86_64 1.5.6-1.el7 centos-openstack-rocky 124 k

Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package

Total download size: 124 k
Installed size: 268 k
Downloading packages:
memcached-1.5.6-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 124 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : memcached-1.5.6-1.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : memcached-1.5.6-1.el7.x86_64 1/1

Installed:
memcached.x86_64 0:1.5.6-1.el7

Complete!
[root@node02 ~]#

　　配置memcached

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7 [root@node02 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/memcached
PORT="11211"
USER="memcached"
MAXCONN="4096"
CACHESIZE="1024"
OPTIONS="-l 0.0.0.0,::1"
[root@node02 ~]#

　　设置memcached开机启动，并启动memcached服务

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13 [root@node02 ~]# systemctl enable memcached.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/memcached.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/memcached.service.
[root@node02 ~]# systemctl start memcached.service
[root@node02 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:11211 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:11211 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
[root@node02 ~]#

　　7、在node01上安装连接memcached驱动，python-memcached

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40 [root@node01 ~]# yum install -y python-memcached
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* centos-qemu-ev: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package python-memcached.noarch 0:1.58-1.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==============================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==============================================================================================================================
Installing:
python-memcached noarch 1.58-1.el7 centos-openstack-rocky 38 k

Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package

Total download size: 38 k
Installed size: 123 k
Downloading packages:
python-memcached-1.58-1.el7.noarch.rpm | 38 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : python-memcached-1.58-1.el7.noarch 1/1
Verifying : python-memcached-1.58-1.el7.noarch 1/1

Installed:
python-memcached.noarch 0:1.58-1.el7

Complete!
[root@node01 ~]#

　　8、在node02上部署rabbitmq-server

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35 [root@node02 ~]# yum install rabbitmq-server -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* centos-qemu-ev: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package rabbitmq-server.noarch 0:3.6.16-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: erlang-eldap >= 18 for package: rabbitmq-server-3.6.16-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: erlang-erts >= 18 for package: rabbitmq-server-3.6.16-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: erlang-kernel >= 18 for package: rabbitmq-server-3.6.16-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: erlang-mnesia >= 18 for package: rabbitmq-server-3.6.16-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: erlang-os_mon >= 18 for package: rabbitmq-server-3.6.16-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: erlang-public_key >= 18 for package: rabbitmq-server-3.6.16-1.el7.noarch
……省略部分内容……
Installed:
rabbitmq-server.noarch 0:3.6.16-1.el7

Dependency Installed:
erlang-asn1.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-compiler.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7
erlang-crypto.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-eldap.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7
erlang-erts.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-hipe.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7
erlang-inets.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-kernel.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7
erlang-mnesia.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-os_mon.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7
erlang-otp_mibs.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-public_key.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7
erlang-runtime_tools.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-sasl.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7
erlang-sd_notify.x86_64 0:1.0-2.el7 erlang-snmp.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7
erlang-ssl.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-stdlib.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7
erlang-syntax_tools.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 erlang-tools.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7
erlang-xmerl.x86_64 0:19.3.6.4-1.el7 lksctp-tools.x86_64 0:1.0.17-2.el7

Complete!
[root@node02 ~]#

　　设置rabbitmq-server开机启动，并启动mabbitmq-server服务

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16 [root@node02 ~]# systemctl enable rabbitmq-server.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rabbitmq-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rabbitmq-server.service.
[root@node02 ~]# systemctl start rabbitmq-server.service
[root@node02 ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:11211 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:4369 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:25672 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:3306 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:11211 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::5672 :::*
[root@node02 ~]#

　　创建openstack用户并设置密码为openstack123

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7 [root@node02 ~]# rabbitmqctl add_user openstack openstack123
Creating user "openstack"
[root@node02 ~]# rabbitmqctl list_users
Listing users
openstack []
guest [administrator]
[root@node02 ~]#

　　授权openstack用户对/下的所有文件有读写

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7 [root@node02 ~]# rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*"
Setting permissions for user "openstack" in vhost "/"
[root@node02 ~]# rabbitmqctl list_permissions
Listing permissions in vhost "/"
guest .* .* .*
openstack .* .* .*
[root@node02 ~]#