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云计算管理平台之OpenStack镜像服务glance

时间:2020-10-29来源:www.pcxitongcheng.com作者:电脑系统城

 一、glance简介

  openstack中的glance服务是用来存储在openstack上启动虚拟机所需镜像;它主要用于发现、注册及检索虚拟机镜像;它通过提供RESTful风格的api对外提供服务;所谓RESTful风格的api指用户可以通过http请求查询虚拟机的镜像元数据以及通过http请求获取镜像文件;其中虚拟机镜像文件的存储可以是本地文件系统,或者对象存储系统(如openstack object storage)或者http,总之存储镜像的系统有很多;其大致的架构如下

  glance服务主要有四部分组成,其中glance-api主要提供服务接口,负责接收对image service api中的镜像文件的查看、下载以及存储请求;glance-registry主要用来存储、处理及获取镜像文件中的元数据信息;比如虚拟机镜像文件大小、类型、创建时间、名称等等;glance database主要用来存储虚拟机镜像文件的元数据信息;不同于glace-registry,它不处理元数据信息,而是将glance-registry处理以后的信息保存下来,我们可以理解glance-registry是将虚拟机的镜像元数据信息通过某种格式写入到glance database中进行存储;最后是存放镜像文件的存储仓库;镜像存储仓库就是用来存放真正的镜像文件,它支持多种类型的镜像文件存储机制,包括使用普通的文件系统、对象存储、RADOS块设备、http以及亚马逊的s3等等;

  glance工作过程

  客户端(通常是openstack中的其他组件,Horizon/nova或者glance专有客户端工具)将请求发送给glance-api,glance-api接收到客户端的请求,它首先会去glance-registry中查询对应的镜像元数据信息,拿到元数据信息后,glance-api会通过返回的元数据信息,用对应的存储适配器连接镜像仓库,进行镜像下载;

   二、glance服务的安装、配置、测试

   1、创建glance数据库和glance用户,并授权glance用户允许从任何主机连接以及对glance数据库有所有的权限

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[root@node02 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 11
Server version: 10.1.20-MariaDB MariaDB Server
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
MariaDB [(none)]>  CREATE DATABASE glance;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'glance123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>

  验证:在别的主机上使用glance用户连接数据库,看看是否能够正常连接?

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[root@node01 ~]# mysql -uglance -pglance123 -hnode02
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 12
Server version: 10.1.20-MariaDB MariaDB Server
 
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
 
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
 
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| glance             |
| information_schema |
test               |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [(none)]>

  2、导出admin用户的环境变量,创建glance用户并设置其密码为glance

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[root@node01 ~]# source admin.sh
[root@node01 ~]# openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt glance
User Password:
Repeat User Password:
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Field               | Value                            |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id           | 47c0915c914c49bb8670703e4315a80f |
| enabled             | True                             |
id                  | 11adbc225a88482fb0313b415d2e909f |
| name                | glance                           |
| options             | {}                               |
| password_expires_at | None                             |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
[root@node01 ~]#

  3、将glance用户授权为admin角色,并将其添加到service项目中

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[root@node01 ~]# openstack role add --project service --user glance admin
[root@node01 ~]#

  4、创建glance服务

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[root@node01 ~]# openstack service create --name glance \
>   --description "OpenStack Image" image
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field       | Value                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Image                  |
| enabled     | True                             |
id          | a6e98cad2c744ed9b73735a149f1bfe9 |
| name        | glance                           |
type        | image                            |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
[root@node01 ~]#

  5、创建glance endport (服务端点,注册服务)

  公共端点

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[root@node01 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image public http://controller:9292
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                            |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                             |
id           | 358ccfc245264b60a9d1a0c113dfa628 |
| interface    | public                           |
| region       | RegionOne                        |
| region_id    | RegionOne                        |
| service_id   | a6e98cad2c744ed9b73735a149f1bfe9 |
| service_name | glance                           |
| service_type | image                            |
| url          | http://controller:9292           |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
[root@node01 ~]#

  私有端点

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[root@node01 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image internal http://controller:9292
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                            |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                             |
id           | 09f5ec434ea24d4c8dc9efe2bbb62b01 |
| interface    | internal                         |
| region       | RegionOne                        |
| region_id    | RegionOne                        |
| service_id   | a6e98cad2c744ed9b73735a149f1bfe9 |
| service_name | glance                           |
| service_type | image                            |
| url          | http://controller:9292           |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
[root@node01 ~]#

  管理端点

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[root@node01 ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne image admin http://controller:9292
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field        | Value                            |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled      | True                             |
id           | 04cd3747614b42a3ba086cef39a1acd9 |
| interface    | admin                            |
| region       | RegionOne                        |
| region_id    | RegionOne                        |
| service_id   | a6e98cad2c744ed9b73735a149f1bfe9 |
| service_name | glance                           |
| service_type | image                            |
| url          | http://controller:9292           |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
[root@node01 ~]#

  6、安装openstack-glance

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[root@node01 ~]# yum install openstack-glance -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * centos-qemu-ev: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package openstack-glance.noarch 1:17.0.1-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python-glance = 1:17.0.1-1.el7 for package: 1:openstack-glance-17.0.1-1.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
---> Package python-glance.noarch 1:17.0.1-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: python2-glance-store >= 0.26.1 for package: 1:python-glance-17.0.1-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python2-os-brick >= 1.8.0 for package: 1:python-glance-17.0.1-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python2-oslo-vmware >= 0.11.1 for package: 1:python-glance-17.0.1-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python2-swiftclient >= 2.2.0 for package: 1:python-glance-17.0.1-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python2-taskflow >= 2.16.0 for package: 1:python-glance-17.0.1-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python2-wsme >= 0.8 for package: 1:python-glance-17.0.1-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: pysendfile for package: 1:python-glance-17.0.1-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python-httplib2 for package: 1:python-glance-17.0.1-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python-retrying for package: 1:python-glance-17.0.1-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python2-boto for package: 1:python-glance-17.0.1-1.el7.noarch
--> Processing Dependency: python2-cursive for package: 1:python-glance-17.0.1-1.el7.noarch
--> Running transaction check
……省略部分内容……
Installed:
  openstack-glance.noarch 1:17.0.1-1.el7                                                                                     
 
Dependency Installed:
  atlas.x86_64 0:3.10.1-12.el7                                     device-mapper-multipath.x86_64 0:0.4.9-131.el7            
  device-mapper-multipath-libs.x86_64 0:0.4.9-131.el7              libgfortran.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7                         
  libquadmath.x86_64 0:4.8.5-39.el7                                libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7                             
  pysendfile.x86_64 0:2.0.0-5.el7                                  python-glance.noarch 1:17.0.1-1.el7                       
  python-lxml.x86_64 0:3.2.1-4.el7                                 python-networkx.noarch 0:1.10-1.el7                       
  python-networkx-core.noarch 0:1.10-1.el7                         python-nose.noarch 0:1.3.7-7.el7                          
  python-oslo-privsep-lang.noarch 0:1.29.2-1.el7                   python-oslo-vmware-lang.noarch 0:2.31.0-1.el7             
  python-retrying.noarch 0:1.2.3-4.el7                             python-simplegeneric.noarch 0:0.8-7.el7                   
  python2-automaton.noarch 0:1.15.0-1.el7                          python2-boto.noarch 0:2.45.0-3.el7                        
  python2-castellan.noarch 0:0.19.0-1.el7                          python2-cursive.noarch 0:0.2.2-1.el7                      
  python2-glance-store.noarch 0:0.26.2-1.el7                       python2-httplib2.noarch 0:0.18.1-3.el7                    
  python2-numpy.x86_64 1:1.14.5-1.el7                              python2-os-brick.noarch 0:2.5.10-1.el7                    
  python2-os-win.noarch 0:4.0.1-1.el7                              python2-oslo-privsep.noarch 0:1.29.2-1.el7                
  python2-oslo-rootwrap.noarch 0:5.14.2-1.el7                      python2-oslo-vmware.noarch 0:2.31.0-1.el7                 
  python2-rsa.noarch 0:3.4.2-1.el7                                 python2-scipy.x86_64 0:0.18.0-3.el7                       
  python2-suds.noarch 0:0.7-0.4.94664ddd46a6.el7                   python2-swiftclient.noarch 0:3.6.1-1.el7                  
  python2-taskflow.noarch 0:3.2.0-1.el7                            python2-wsme.noarch 0:0.9.3-1.el7                         
  sg3_utils.x86_64 1:1.37-19.el7                                   sg3_utils-libs.x86_64 1:1.37-19.el7                       
  sysfsutils.x86_64 0:2.1.0-16.el7                               
 
Dependency Updated:
  kpartx.x86_64 0:0.4.9-131.el7                                                                                              
 
Complete!
[root@node01 ~]#

  7、配置gilance-api

  编辑/etc/glance/glance-api.conf文件,在【database】配置段配置连接glance数据的地址

  在【keystone_authtoken】配置段中配置认证相关信息

  提示:这里需要注意memcached服务的地址;我这里memcached没有在控制节点,而是单独放在了数据库节点上的;

  在【paste_deploy】配置段中添加flavor = keystone

  在【glance_store】配置段中配置后端存储相关信息

  glance-api.conf最终配置

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[root@node01 ~]# grep  "^[a-Z\[]" /etc/glance/glance-api.conf
[DEFAULT]
[cors]
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:glance123@node02/glance
[glance_store]
stores = file,http
default_store = file
filesystem_store_datadir = /var/lib/glance/images/
[image_format]
[keystone_authtoken]
www_authenticate_uri  = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:5000
memcached_servers = node02:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = glance
[matchmaker_redis]
[oslo_concurrency]
[oslo_messaging_amqp]
[oslo_messaging_kafka]
[oslo_messaging_notifications]
[oslo_messaging_rabbit]
[oslo_messaging_zmq]
[oslo_middleware]
[oslo_policy]
[paste_deploy]
flavor = keystone
[profiler]
[store_type_location_strategy]
[task]
[taskflow_executor]
[root@node01 ~]#

  8、配置glance-registry

  编辑/etc/glance/glance-registry.conf,在【database】配置段配置连接glance数据的地址

  在【keystone_authtoken】配置段中配置认证相关信息

  在【paste_deploy】配置段中添加flavor = keystone

  glance-registry.conf的最终配置

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[root@node01 ~]# grep  "^[a-Z\[]" /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf
[DEFAULT]
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:glance123@node02/glance
[keystone_authtoken]
www_authenticate_uri  = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:5000
memcached_servers = node02:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = Default
user_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
username = glance
password = glance
[matchmaker_redis]
[oslo_messaging_amqp]
[oslo_messaging_kafka]
[oslo_messaging_notifications]
[oslo_messaging_rabbit]
[oslo_messaging_zmq]
[oslo_policy]
[paste_deploy]
flavor = keystone
[profiler]
[root@node01 ~]#

  9、初始化glance数据,生成相关表

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[root@node01 ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/oslo_db/sqlalchemy/enginefacade.py:1352: OsloDBDeprecationWarning: EngineFacade is deprecated; please use oslo_db.sqlalchemy.enginefacade
  expire_on_commit=expire_on_commit, _conf=conf)
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade  -> liberty, liberty initial
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade liberty -> mitaka01, add index on created_at and updated_at columns of 'images' table
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade mitaka01 -> mitaka02, update metadef os_nova_server
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade mitaka02 -> ocata_expand01, add visibility to images
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade ocata_expand01 -> pike_expand01, empty expand for symmetry with pike_contract01
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade pike_expand01 -> queens_expand01
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade queens_expand01 -> rocky_expand01, add os_hidden column to images table
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade rocky_expand01 -> rocky_expand02, add os_hash_algo and os_hash_value columns to images table
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
Upgraded database to: rocky_expand02, current revision(s): rocky_expand02
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
Database migration is up to date. No migration needed.
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade mitaka02 -> ocata_contract01, remove is_public from images
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade ocata_contract01 -> pike_contract01, drop glare artifacts tables
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade pike_contract01 -> queens_contract01
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade queens_contract01 -> rocky_contract01
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade rocky_contract01 -> rocky_contract02
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
Upgraded database to: rocky_contract02, current revision(s): rocky_contract02
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
Database is synced successfully.
[root@node01 ~]#

  验证:去数据库中查看glance库中是否有表生成?

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MariaDB [(none)]> use glance;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
 
Database changed
MariaDB [glance]> show tables;
+----------------------------------+
| Tables_in_glance                 |
+----------------------------------+
| alembic_version                  |
| image_locations                  |
| image_members                    |
| image_properties                 |
| image_tags                       |
| images                           |
| metadef_namespace_resource_types |
| metadef_namespaces               |
| metadef_objects                  |
| metadef_properties               |
| metadef_resource_types           |
| metadef_tags                     |
| migrate_version                  |
| task_info                        |
| tasks                            |
+----------------------------------+
15 rows in set (0.00 sec)
 
MariaDB [glance]>

  10、启动openstack-glance-api和openstack-glance-registry服务,并将其设置为开机启动

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[root@node01 ~]# systemctl start openstack-glance-api.service openstack-glance-registry.service
[root@node01 ~]# systemctl enable openstack-glance-api.service openstack-glance-registry.service     
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/openstack-glance-api.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/openstack-glance-api.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/openstack-glance-registry.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/openstack-glance-registry.service.
[root@node01 ~]# ss -tnl
State      Recv-Q Send-Q                  Local Address:Port                                 Peer Address:Port             
LISTEN     0      128                                 *:9292                                            *:*                 
LISTEN     0      128                                 *:22                                              *:*                 
LISTEN     0      100                         127.0.0.1:25                                              *:*                 
LISTEN     0      128                                 *:9191                                            *:*                 
LISTEN     0      128                                :::80                                             :::*                 
LISTEN     0      128                                :::22                                             :::*                 
LISTEN     0      100                               ::1:25                                             :::*                 
LISTEN     0      128                                :::5000                                           :::*                 
[root@node01 ~]#

  提示:glance-api服务将听在9292端口,glance-registry服务监听在9191端口,确保对应的端口处于监听状态,说明我们的配置没有问题,服务已经正常启动了;

  验证:导入admin用户的环境变量,下载一个测试镜像,看看能不能将其上传至glance中去?

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[root@node01 ~]# source admin.sh
[root@node01 ~]# rz
rz waiting to receive.
 zmodem trl+C ȡ
 
  100%   12418 KB 12418 KB/s 00:00:01       0 Errorsk.img...
 
[root@node01 ~]# ll
total 12428
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      272 Oct 28 20:23 admin.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12716032 Oct 29 01:10 cirros-0.4.0-x86_64-disk.img
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root      269 Oct 28 20:24 demo.sh
[root@node01 ~]#

  提示:我这里准备了一个cirros的测试镜像;

  将cirros上传至glance看看是否能够正常上传?

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[root@node01 ~]#  openstack image create "cirros" \
>   --file cirros-0.4.0-x86_64-disk.img \
>   --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare \
>   --public
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Field            | Value                                                                                                                                                                                      |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| checksum         | 443b7623e27ecf03dc9e01ee93f67afe                                                                                                                                                           |
| container_format | bare                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| created_at       | 2020-10-28T17:12:58Z                                                                                                                                                                       |
| disk_format      | qcow2                                                                                                                                                                                      |
file             /v2/images/94dd2ba0-1736-4307-865d-7cb86b85d32e/file                                                                                                                                       |
id               | 94dd2ba0-1736-4307-865d-7cb86b85d32e                                                                                                                                                       |
| min_disk         | 0                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| min_ram          | 0                                                                                                                                                                                          |
| name             | cirros                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| owner            | b4e56eeb160948c581e98d685133d19a                                                                                                                                                           |
| properties       | os_hash_algo='sha512', os_hash_value='6513f21e44aa3da349f248188a44bc304a3653a04122d8fb4535423c8e1d14cd6a153f735bb0982e2161b5b5186106570c17a9e58b64dd39390617cd5a350f78', os_hidden='False' |
| protected        | False                                                                                                                                                                                      |
| schema           | /v2/schemas/image                                                                                                                                                                          |
| size             | 12716032                                                                                                                                                                                   |
| status           | active                                                                                                                                                                                     |
| tags             |                                                                                                                                                                                            |
| updated_at       | 2020-10-28T17:12:58Z                                                                                                                                                                       |
| virtual_size     | None                                                                                                                                                                                       |
| visibility       | public                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[root@node01 ~]# openstack image list
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+
| ID                                   | Name   | Status |
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+
| 94dd2ba0-1736-4307-865d-7cb86b85d32e | cirros | active |
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+
[root@node01 ~]#

  提示:可以看到我们上传到镜像已经在镜像列表中能够看到,说明镜像已经成功上传到glance中去了;

  验证:查看glance的镜像仓库目录下是否有文件生成?

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[root@node01 ~]# ll /var/lib/glance/images/
total 12420
-rw-r----- 1 glance glance 12716032 Oct 29 01:12 94dd2ba0-1736-4307-865d-7cb86b85d32e
[root@node01 ~]# file /var/lib/glance/images/94dd2ba0-1736-4307-865d-7cb86b85d32e
/var/lib/glance/images/94dd2ba0-1736-4307-865d-7cb86b85d32e: QEMU QCOW Image (v3), 46137344 bytes
[root@node01 ~]#

  提示:可以看到在对应的目录下有一个文件生成,其文件格式为qcow image的文件;到此openstack的镜像服务glance的安装配置和测试就完成了;

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